AFAIK No.
Have a look at HP ProCurve 2510 Switch Series' QuickSpecs (J9280A) here.
Only SFP Transceivers (10/100/1000 Mbps) are supported on HP ProCurve 2510 Switch Series (for a list of compatible ones please refer to that QuickSpecks document).
For SFP+ (please note the + sign) Transceivers (1000/10000 Mbps) support you must upgrade to a more recent/powerful Switch Series with *explicit* SFP+ Transceivers support or yet equipped with 10 GbE copper ports, if copper ports are on your radar.